Some important words separated by subtopics are:
Hardware: Computer, Keyboard.
Mouse, printer, screen, button, key, cable or wire, CD Rom, DVD, Flash Memory…
Software: Operating system, program,
database, text program, Word, Excel, Access, Power Point, Driver, interface…
Computer organization: File, Folder, data, window, …
Internet: Web, Word wide web,
email, download, upload, network, net…
Actions: click on, write, see, load, switch on/off…
EXCEL
BASICS
When you launch Excel, the program opens to a blank
document that looks like the one below. From this point, you can add data,
change how it looks, have Excel perform mathematical calculations or
summarize the data or find information in Excel's
help files.
The image below shows the most
important parts of the Excel workbook window.
Note that it's possible that depending on the way your computer is configured,
not every toolbar that you see below may look the same on your machine. You can
select the toolbars to view by selecting View from the Menu Bar and then
choosing "Toolbars."
The most basic part of an Excel document
is the box that holds a piece of data, called a cell. A cell is the box represented by the intersection of a column and a row. Rows are identified by the numbers down the left side and
columns are identified by letters across the top. Each cell is indicated by a
cell reference. For example, in the image below the Active Cell at the
intersection of Column A and Row 1 is given the cell reference of A1. (Like the
battleship game)
The Excel Toolbars
Title Bar - The
title bar displays the name of the program you are currently using and the name
of the Excel workbook that is open. It appears at the top of
all Windows programs. By default, Excel opens
with Book 1.
Menu Bar - The menu
bar is directly below the Title bar and displays a list of the menus that you
can use to give commands to Excel.
Clicking on a menu name displays a drop
down menu of commands. You can move across the menu bar and down the drop-down menus with your mouse of by highlighting one of the menu items and
using the arrow keys on your keyboard.
The menus
found on the Menu Bar include the following:
- File - File-related commands to open, save, close,
print, and create new files.
- Edit - Commands to copy, cut, past, find, and replace
text.
- View - Commands to change how the workbook is displayed on the screen.
- Insert - Lists items that you can insert into a workbook, such as graphics and
charts.
- Format - Commands to format fonts, cell alignment, and
borders.
- Tools - Lists tools such as the spell checker and
macros.
- Data - Commands to analyze and work with data
information.
- Window - Commands to display and arrange multiple windows.
- Help - Get help on using the Excel program
- Adobe PDF - Options file menu if you have Adobe Acrobat installed.
Standard Toolbar - The
Standard toolbar includes buttons that are shortcuts for the most commonly used
commands. It contains buttons for the tools you use most frequently, such as
saving, opening, and printing workbooks.
The tools found on the
Standard Toolbar include the following:
- New - Creates a new, blank spreadsheet
- Open - Open a previously saved spreadsheet
- Save – Save your current spread sheet
- Permission - To restrict access to your spreadsheet
- Print – Prints the current document
- Print Preview - Preview the current spreadsheet to see how it
will print
- Spelling - Performs a spell check of
cells in the current document
- Research - Enables information rights management which can
help protect sensitive documents from begin copied or forwarded.
- Copy - Copies the current selection to the clipboard,
which can then be pasted elsewhere in the document
- Paste - Takes the current clipboard contents and insert
them
- Undo - Undoes the last action in the document
- Redo - Redoes the last undone action
- Insert Hyperlink - Inserts a hyperlink to an Internet Web location
- Auto Sum - A drop-down menu of available mathematical
operations to perform
- Sort Ascending - Sorts the current selection in ascending order
- Chart Wizard - Opens the "Chart Wizard," which will
walk you through the creation of charts and diagrams using the selected
data.
- Other Options - There are a variety of other options you can
call or add to the toolbar, such as Cut, Email, Sort Descending, etc. By
clicking on the triangle at the far right side of the toolbar, you can
access these options.
Formatting Toolbar - The
Formatting toolbar contains buttons for the most commonly used formatting
commands, such as making text bold or italicized.
The Formatting Toolbar
includes commonly used buttons for formatting the information in cells. These
include the following:
- Font - Changes the font of the selected cells
- Size - Changes the font size of the selection
- Bold - Puts the selection in bold face
- Italics - Puts the selection in Italics
- Underline - Places an underline beneath the selection
- Align Left - Aligns the current selection to the left
- Align Right - Aligns the current selection to the right
- Merge & Center - Combines two selected cells into one new cell
that spans the width of both and center the contents of this new cell
- Currency Style - Changes the style in which currency is
displayed
- Percent Style - Changes the style in which percents are displayed
- Decrease Indent - Decrease the indent of a cell by approximately
one character
- Border - Adds or alters the style of borders around
selected cells
- Fill Color - Select a color to fill the background of a cell
- Font Color - Select a color to apply to a selection of text
Task Pane -
The Task pane lists commands that are relevant to whatever you're doing in Excel. You can easily hide the task
pane if you want to have more room to work on
aworkbook. Click the close button in
the upper right corner of the Task
pane. To open it again, choose View, Task pane.
Worksheet
window- You can
have multiple worksheets in an excel file. The worksheet window is where you
actually enter data into the cells. Each worksheet contains columns and rows.
Worksheet Tabs - You can keep multiple worksheets together in a group called a
workbook. For example you could have a separate worksheet for each month of the
year in a workbook for the year 2007.
You can give worksheets
your own meaningful names by placing
your cursor over the sheet name and typing. There is also a floating menu when
you click on it with the mouse right button.
By default, Excel opens
with three worksheets.
ACTIVITY
3
Open
an Excel new book.
Create a sheet with the name of every
month of the year. You can select a number of sheets and copy them behind the
last one using the menu that appears when you click on the sheet name.
Write a seasonal text in very sheet
according to the month and change the background.
Save it in your folder of the flash memory
with the names: 3 ESO A or B>Name of the people in the group> Excel1.
ACTIVITY
4
Put in the name of every topic in the
boxes like the example.
Formatting
Cells
The format of a cell
controls how the cell looks, and also defines how the information (data) stored
inside it will be treated and displayed.
There are numerous format
options for changing the look of a cell, including borders and background
colors. The appearance of the contents of a cell can also be altered, including
different date formats, number formats, fonts, alignment and more.
There are several ways to
view/change the Format of a cell in Microsoft Excel:
- Select the cell or cells
to change, click Format on the menu bar and then clickcells
- Right click on the cell/s
and select Format from the menu that appears
- Select the cell/s and
then hold down the CTRL key
and press 1
It
is with this dialogue box that you can view and change the format of cells in
your Microsoft Excel worksheets.
There are 6 tabs:
- Number
- Alignment
- Font
- Border
- Patterns
- Protection
In the tab Number
we select the data type in the cells, within the following categories:
GENERAL: you can see in the cell exactly the
value that you put on it.
NUMBER: you can change different parameters of a
number: integer format, with decimals, thousand point, colors…
CURRENCY: you can see the number with the currency
symbol €, $ … in the cell.
PERCENTAGE: you can see the
numbers like percentages. Multiply the cells value by 100, assign the symbol %,
and select the number of decimals positions you need. For example the number
0,1528 in percentage format without any decimal position will be 15%, and with 2
decimal position will be 15,28%.
DATES: Excel shows the date in different ways.
The most common is DD/MM/YY. You need to know that Excel save the data as an
integer number.
The Alignment tab of the
Format Cells dialogue box allows you to control the alignment and orientation
of the contents of a cell.
Wrap text - Allows you to wrap
text in multiple lines with a cell. Wraps text into multiple lines in a cell.
Shrink to
fit - Reduces
the size of the font to whatever is necessary so that all the data fits into
the cell.
Merge
cells - Combines
two or more selected cells into a single cell.
Relative and absolute references in Excel.
The most important Excel feature is the capability of
making calculations with the data. That is what a Spreadsheet makes better. We
can make calculations with formulas.
Every formula stars with a = symbol.
For making calculations with the numbers in cells we
must refer at the cell like the battleship game. And we can do that in two
ways:
·
Relative
reference: In example the data content at the cell A2 is referred as A2. We use that reference when I don’t need a constant value in
calculations.
ACTIVITY 10
Open a new Excel book and introduce the following
data:
a) In C1 we write: = A1+B1.
Then select the cells from C1 to C5 and go to EDIT>FILL> DOWN.
b) In D1 we write: = A1-B1.
Then select the cells from D1 to D5 and go to EDIT>FILL> DOWN.
c) In E1 we write: = A1*B1.
Then select the cells from E1 to E5 and go to EDIT>FILL> DOWN.
e) In G1 we write: = sum(A1:B5).
f) In G2 we write: = (A1+B1)/2
g) In G3 we write: =average (a1;b1)
h) In H1 we write: = $A$1+B2. Then select the cells from H1 to H5 and go
to EDIT>FILL> DOWN.
We use : when we want to select all the data between the two
cells that I write.
We use ; when we want to select exclusively
the two data that I write.
Save
it in your folders of the flash memory with the names: 3 ESO A or B>Name of the
people in the group> Excel4.
Graphics/Charts
In excel we can make graphics with our data easily.
There are different types that we can use as we need.
Column and row
chart, pie chart, line graph… in 2D or 3D, we have multiple choices.
For make a chart
we need to select first the data I need with the mouse. We can use the Excel3
file.
Open the Excel3 file and select the data of
one of the people. Be sure to select all the data and titles that you want to
be included in the graphic.
Then select the menu INSERT>CHART. And
select the type of chart you need and follow the instructions to insert a column chart.
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